White paper on the future chemical policy in the European Union - implications for animal welfare.

Surgical Needs of Refugee Populations in the European ::union::: Implications for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Current Models of Investor State Dispute Settlement Are Bad for Health: The European Union Could Offer an Alternative; Comment on “The Trans-Pacific Partnership: Is It Everything We Feared for Health?”

In this commentary, we endorse concerns about the health impact of the trans-pacific partnership (TPP), paying particular attention to its mechanisms for investor state dispute settlement. We then describe the different, judgeled approach being advocated by the European Commission team negotiating the Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, arguing that, while not perfect, it offers si...

Ecopa: actual status and plans.

Ecopa, the European Consensus Platform on alternatives, is an international not-for-profit organization, based in Belgium and complying with Belgium law. It is the only quadripartite organization at EU level, which is promoting the 3R-Alternatives at the European level. Ecopa brings together National Consensus Platforms on alternative methods. Consensus means that all parties concerned are repr...

Reaching Outside the Comfort Zone: Realising the FCTC’s Potential for Public Health Governance and Regulation in the European Union; Comment on “The Legal Strength of International Health Instruments – What It Brings to Global Health Governance?”

In their paper, Nikogosian and Kickbusch show how the effects of the adoption by the World Health Organization (WHO) of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) and its first Protocol extend beyond tobacco control and contribute to public health governance more broadly, by revealing new processes, institutions and instruments. While there are certainly good reasons to be optimisti...

Implications of the European :union: Sanctions on Maritime Shipping and Commerce in the Iranian Waters of the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea

The European ::union:: (EU) along with the Security Council (SC) has imposed sanctions on Iran over the controversies around Iranian nuclear program. A review of the literature on the implementation of international sanctions against I.R. Iran shows that with passing time and disagreement between negotiating parties, the toughening and broadening of scope and focus of sanction has taken plac...